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evolutionary radiation
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity, due to adaptive change or the opening of ecospace. Radiations may affect one clade or many, and be rapid or gradual; where they are rapid, and driven by a single lineage's adaptation to their environment, they are termed adaptive radiations. Caribbean anoline lizards are a particularly interesting example of an adaptive radiation.〔(''Parallel Adaptive Radiations - Caribbean Anoline Lizards.'' ) Tood Jackman. Villanova University. Retrieved 10 September 2013.〕
==Examples of evolutionary radiation==
Perhaps the most familiar example of an evolutionary radiation is that of placental mammals immediately after the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 million years ago. At that time, the placental mammals were mostly small, insect-eating animals similar in size and shape to modern shrews. By the Eocene (58–37 million years ago), they had evolved into such diverse forms as bats, whales, and horses.〔This topic is covered in a very accessible manner in Chapter 11 of Richard Fortey's ''Life: An Unauthorised Biography'' (1997)〕
Other familiar radiations include the Cambrian explosion, the Avalon explosion, the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Radiation, the radiation of land plants after their colonisation of land, the Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms, and the diversification of insects, a radiation that has continued almost unabated since the Devonian, .〔The radiation only suffered one hiccup, when the Permo-Triassic extinction event wiped out many species.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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